Introduction   Most patients under general anaesthesia are given muscle relaxants to facilitate surgical procedures. It is challenging for anesthesiologists to change their practice of subjective assessment of recovery from neuromuscular blockade. The confirmatory method is to stimulate a motor nerve and observe the contraction of muscle supplied by the nerve to see the degree of neuromuscular blockade Material and methods After approval from Institutional Ethical Committee, 120 patients were included in the prospective, observational study from January 2020 to June 2020 in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Sir Sunder Lal Hospital. Patients of ASA grade 1 and 2, aged 20-60 years and those who gave written informed consent were included in the study. Patients with allergy to the drugs used in the study, anticipated difficult airway, cardiac comorbidities, respiratory illness, neurological problems, myopathies and obesity were excluded from the study.  Results Despite introduction of neuromuscular monitoring in operating theatres it is still unavailable in different part of world especially in peripheral setting. In qualitative monitoring of neuromuscular blockade during intra operative and postoperative period there is dilemma about when to give the reversal agents after completion of surgery so that there will be less hemodynamic changes during extubation and there will be less incidence of residual paralysis. Reversal strategy without TOF monitoring was not equivalent to reversal strategy using TOF monitoring supporting latest consensus regarding the use of perioperative TOF monitoring tools. Conclusion We concluded that when we reversal was given in Group III with 20-30% of tidal volume there is less incidence of post operative residual paralysis with stable postoperative vitals which was as equivalent as reversal given at train-of-four value (0.4-0.6) in Group I, as it is recommended practice of anesthesia care. So, in peripheral setting where train of four monitoring is not available this tidal volume criteria might helpful for safe practice and safe recovery of patients from general anesthesia.

Chamaerops Humilis L. is a well-known medicinal plant with wide application. In the present study, the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and biological activities of C. humilis were investigated using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents, respectively. This study investigates, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract of the fruits of C. humilis in albino Wistar rats. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and the methanolic extract of the fruits of C. humilis was determined by the Aromatogram technique against five bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 70603. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 11778 and a yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The antimicrobial activity was also evaluated using the broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The methanolic extract administered orally at a concentration of 250 mg kg-1 showed significant dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenin and egg white induced hind paw edema in Wistar rats. The essential oil of the fruit of C. humilis showed more inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and C. albicans while the methanolic extract showed no activity. The results support the traditional use of C. humilis in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Background: Oxidative stress is a condition in which there is an accumulation of reactive free radicals in cells. Prevention of oxidative stress can be done using antioxidant compounds. Recent research tends to focus on exploring antioxidants from natural materials, including anthocyanins in Ocimum basilicum plants. Aim of Study: This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis to visualize related library data, in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the potential for developing research ideas regarding the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from basil plants. Materials and Methods: Articles were collected using the PubMed database with the keywords "Ocimum basilicum" AND "Flavonoid". The articles used were original research articles in English published between 2014–2024. Bibliometric analysis was carried out using the Rstudio and VOSviewer tools. Results: Of the 189 articles found, 111 articles met the inclusion criteria and were used for analysis. Bibliometric analysis with Rstudio showed that in the last 10 years, the publication trend on this topic has increased by 8.2%. The affiliation with the most publications is Quaid-I-Azam University. The journal that published the most related articles was Plants. Based on the keyword analysis, the words Ocimum basilicum, anthocyanin, antioxidant, and human showed high frequency of occurrence and strong relationships. Conclusion: Our study indicates that research on the antioxidant activity of anthocyanins from Ocimum basilicum remains relevant and has the potential for the development of new ideas. The increasing trend in the number of publications and indications of this topic still attract the attention of many researchers.

This study contributes to the development of the medicinal plant Ephedra foliata L (Alanda) in the steppe region of the Wilaya of El-Bayadh in Algeria, which is a typical representative of the family Ephedraceae and known for its medicinal importance worldwide and resistance to drought. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted on 150 randomly selected individuals from the El-Bayadh region (90 women and 60 men). The questionnaire collected information on the plant under study and the surveyed population, revealing that women are more interested than men in the use of Ephedra foliata for traditional medicine. Phytotherapeutic practices were observed to be dominant among people aged between 50 and 80 years, and the plant was found to treat a variety of diseases including abortion 8.66%, cancer 13.33%, diabetes 6.66%, and cough 4.66%. The aerial part of the plant stems, 90.66% was primarily used for making herbal tea through infusion 23.33% and decoction 39.33%.

Introduction: The horizontal plates of the palatine bone, the premaxilla, and the palatine processes of the maxilla come together to form the hard palate, a crucial part of the skull. This structure is arched, with varying depth and width, being widest in the molar region. It effectively separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavity. The hard palate plays a significant role in various forensic investigations. This study highlights its clinical importance, offering valuable insights for forensic scientists and anthropologists. By conducting a detailed investigation, the research aims to improve the understanding of craniofacial anatomy and its relevance in forensic science. Future research can use the data gathered from this study as a foundational reference in fields such as anthropometrics, dentistry, forensic science, and anatomy. The primary objective of the present study was to measure the morphometric characteristics of the hard palate in dried human skulls. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 50 dried skulls obtained from the Department of Anatomy, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Bhagalpur, and other medical colleges in Bihar, India. The age and sex of the skulls were not known. With the help of a digital vernier caliper, we measured the length of the hard palate, breadth of the hard palate, and height of the hard palate, palatine index (PI), and palatine height index (PHI). The obtained data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 24.0) software. Results: The mean palatine length, breadth, and height in the present study were 46.13 ± 2.47 mm, 33.43 ± 1.92 mm, and 11.36 ± 3.45 mm, respectively. The mean values of the palatine index and palatine height index were 72.54 ± 6.56 mm and 35.14 ± 5.83 mm respectively. The most frequent type of hard palate was leptostaphyline (80%), followed by mesostaphyline (16%) according to the palatine index, while brachystaphyline type (4%) was the least commonly reported. While, the most frequent type of hard palate was orthostaphyline (60%), followed by hypsistaphyline (24%) according to the palatine height index, while the chemostaphyline type (16%) was the least commonly reported. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the fields of anthropometry, dentistry, and medicine. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the hard palate is crucial for various applications, including surgical procedures involving the hard and soft palate, anthropological research, the fabrication of complete maxillary dentures for edentulous patients, and the classification of crania based on ethnic and racial characteristics. Additionally, oral and maxillofacial surgeons can utilize knowledge of the palatal index to enhance surgical outcomes in the repair of cleft palate or lip deformities.

Background: Road traffic collisions (RTCs) are a global public health challenge, causing significant mortality and economic burden, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Autopsy studies provide crucial insights into injury patterns and crash dynamics, aiding forensic investigations and policymaking. This study aimed to analyze the patterns of fatal injuries in road traffic collisions based on autopsy findings. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from 01/01/2023 to 31/12/2023 at Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, focusing on fatal road traffic collisions. Autopsy reports, hospital records, and police documents were analyzed, including cases with documented causes of death linked to collisions involving all victim types. Cases with incomplete data, unrelated causes of death, advanced decomposition, or railway collisions were excluded. Data were systematically recorded, analyzed using SPSS Statistics 18 and Excel, and presented in tabular format. Results: During the study, 42.91% of 1,410 autopsies (n=605) were attributed to road traffic accidents (RTAs), predominantly involving males (82.97%). The 31–40 age group recorded the highest fatalities (36.36%), with light motorcycles contributing to 46.12% of accidents. Head injuries were the most common fatal injuries (85.95%), followed by liver lacerations (41.98%) and spinal injuries (27.93%). Abrasions were observed in all cases (100%), while contusions, lacerations, and fractures were also prevalent. Most deaths occurred on the spot or within 12 hours, primarily due to traumatic shock and head injuries, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced trauma care and safety measures. The common causes of death reported after seven days of treatment, were septicemia, lung infections, peritonitis, and coma. Conclusion: The present study highlights the critical need for a multi-faceted approach to mitigate the burden of road traffic collisions in Muzaffarpur city of Bihar state of India. By integrating robust road safety measures, public health campaigns, and advanced trauma care systems, policymakers and healthcare providers can effectively address this growing public health issue. The findings emphasize the importance of continued research and collaboration to improve road safety and reduce road traffic collision-related fatalities.

Bacillus cereus is a Gram-positive bacterium that is one of the most common causes of food poisoning, a common travel-related illness. The utilization of natural materials, which have been extensively studied for their health benefits, should be considered as natural inhibitors of bacterial growth. Extracts from the leaves and flowers of Plumeria alba have been known to contain various secondary metabolites that act as antibacterial agents. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extracts of Plumeria alba leaves and flowers at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% on the growth of Bacillus cereus. The in vitro study used a true experimental post-test-only control group design. The research samples consisted of eight groups: a positive control group using chloramphenicol, a negative control group using 70% ethanol, and treatment groups with leaf extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%, as well as flower extract concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%. The antibacterial test was performed using the agar diffusion method (Kirby- Bauer). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software. The study results showed that the ethanol extract of Plumeria alba flowers at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% had inhibitory effects on Bacillus cereus, with inhibition zones of 6 mm, 8.2 mm, and 10 mm, respectively. The ethanol extract of Plumeria alba leaves at each concentration showed no inhibition zones against Bacillus cereus. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wall is test showed a result of 0.000. The post hoc Mann-Whitney U test demonstrated p>0.05 for each concentration of the flower extract and p<0.05 for the extract when compared to the control groups. This confirms that the ethanol extracts of Plumeria alba flowers have an inhibitory effect, whereas the leaves are unable to inhibit the growth of Bacillus cereus, which differs at various concentrations.