Background: - Emergence of oxacillin resistance is complicating the treatment of severe infections caused by resistant S. aureus strains. The detection of BORSA strains can influence the choice of antibiotics for the treatment. Aim and objectives: - Our study was aimed to study the prevalence and the antimicrobial susceptibility of BORSA strains.  .  Material and methods: A total 100 isolates of S. aureus from various clinical samples were used in this study which were identified using standard conventional methods.  MRSA was carried out using Cefoxitin, Oxacillin Disk Diffusion Test and Detection of Mec A was done by PCR. Result: - we found 37% MRSA strains detected by Cefoxitin disk diffusion test. All these strains were MecA positive. 38 strains were Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) by Cefoxitin disk diffusion test as well as genotypic methods. We found 25 % BORSA strains. Conclusion: - Therapeutic challenges posed by clinical infections caused by BORSA strains so we should continuously monitor the study on BORSA strains.

Background: Pennisetum glaucum, commonly known as Pearl Millet, is a promising source of human nutrition due to its unique nutritional composition, which includes a low glycemic index, making it valuable for weight management and addressing metabolic disorders like diabetes. The following study was performed to assess the potential of ethanolic (PGE) and methanolic (PGMF) extracts from Pennisetum glaucum leaves as anti-diabetic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant agents in a Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Diabetic rats were orally administered PGE (at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) and PGMF (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) daily for three weeks. Assessments included blood glucose levels, various biochemical indicators, antioxidant enzyme levels, and histopathological changes in both the diabetic control group and treated groups. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of PGE revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, such as amino acids, saponins, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, and glycosides, with PGMF exhibiting the highest concentration of these constituents. Both PGE and PGMF displayed a dose-dependent anti-diabetic effect, as evident from the restoration of antioxidant enzyme biomarkers and correction of hematological abnormalities. Furthermore, these treatments ameliorated histopathological alterations observed in the diabetic control group. The study confirms that PGE from Pennisetum glaucum leaves possesses anti-diabetic and hypolipidemic properties while mitigating oxidative stress, underlining its potential as a functional food component for promoting health. Further research is warranted to explore its full range of benefits.

Introduction: Impression-making is one of the most crucial steps involved in the fabrication of prostheses and is of paramount importance in the success of the dental restoration. Methods: A dentate maxillary arch of an acrylic resin typodont was used as the master model in this in vitro study. Sharply defined pits were made on selected locations on ivorine teeth on the model and each made twenty samples of the four impression techniques. The casts were obtained in die stones and based on different impression techniques four groups were created: Group A: Single-step putty wash technique, Group B: Twostep putty wash technique, Group C: Multiple-mix technique, and Group D: Single mix technique. A coordinate measurement device was used to evaluate distances between the pits. The significance (Q-value) of the mean difference of different techniques from the dimensions on the dentate maxillary arch was compared using Dunnett’s multiple comparison q-test after performing the ANOVA test. Results: There was no similarity between the dentate maxillary arch and the casts obtained in the 3-dimensional measurements. Impressions were marginally large in the horizontal dimension and slightly small in the vertical dimension. Conclusion: The multiple-mix technique was the most precise and the single-step putty wash technique had the least accuracy

Background:The purpose of the current investigation was to compare the flexural strength of denture base resins made through compression molding as well as injection molding. Materials & methods:20 denture base resin samples had been included as well as were separated into 2 study categories with 10 samples in every group: Compression molding category as well as injection molding category. Standardization was achieved during specimen fabrication with the help of metal strips. Standard methods of polishing as well as finishing were applied. After being polished, each sample was measured using a digital calliper to ensure consistency in size. There was some thermocycling action taken. A Universal Testing Machine equipped with specialized software was used to evaluate the flexural strength of the fracture resistance. Results: The average flexural strength of the injection-molded group was 79.35 MPa, compared to 67.23 MPa for the conventional molding group. When comparing the average flexural strength of samples from the two groups, significant differences were found. Conclusion:The flexural strength of denture base resin materials that have been treated using injection molding is superior to that of denture base resin materials produced via compression molding

A naturally occurring bioactive product called cyclosan is derived from the well-known medicinal plant St. John's wort. Its use as the primary ingredient in St. John's wort has a long history in traditional medicine. In-depth research has recently been conducted on cyclosan to better understand its chemistry, pharmacological properties, drug reactions, and detrimental impact. The current review's goal is to give a thorough overview of all of its bioactivities, including those that are antimicrobial, antiproliferative, anti-psoriatic, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant.

Background:Dental luting cements (Zinc phosphate and Zinc polycarboxylate) are tested for their tensile bond strength against one another. Materials & methods:Forty first premolars from freshly excised maxillaries were used here. After being washed and dried, each specimen was placed in a container of normal saline for future use. All of the specimens had their impressions taken once the cavity preparation was complete, and then castings were poured using type IV dental stones. The casting process began with the creation of wax patterns. After that, we devested, finished, and polished the castings. The samples were randomly assigned to one of 2 categories for analysis: In Group A, we have zinc phosphate, and in Group B, we have zinc polycarboxylate. The average tensile strength was measured with a Universal Testing Machine. Results:The average tensile strength of Group A specimens was 2.01 MPa, while Group B specimens averaged 1.75 MPa. When comparing the average tensile strength of samples from groups A and B, statistically significant differences were found. Conclusion:Zinc phosphate cement had significantly greater mean tensile strength than the Zinc polycarboxylate group.

 Background: In our daily work, pancytopenia—the simultaneous presence of leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia—is a prevalent clinical condition. Adult pancytopenia is described as having a hemoglobin level of less than 13.5 g/dl in men and 11.5 g/dl in women, a leucocyte count of less than 4 x 109 /l, and a platelet count of less than 150 x 109 /l.1. Anemia or thrombocytopenia are typically the cause of the presenting symptoms. Materials and Methods:. A prospective cross-sectional research on 120 instances of pancytopenia was conducted at the general medicine department at Mamata Academy of Medical Sciences, Bachupally, over the course of two years, from May 2022 to May 2023. Results: Malaria accounted for 22.5% (27/120) of pancytopenia cases, with vitamin B12 deficient anemia accounting for 49.1% (59/1200). 10.8% (13/120) of cases were Dengue. Aplastic anemia (6.6%), multiple myeloma, AML (2.5%), and anemia from chronic illness were less prevalent causes. 3.3% for MDS and 0.8% for myelofibrosis. CLD with hepatitis B, aleukemic leukemia (0.8%), and splenomegaly (15%). 5.8% (or 7/120) of the patients had normocytic hypochromic anemia, 18.3% (or 22/120) had microcytic hypochromic anemia, 69.1% (or 83/120) had macrocytic anemia, and 6.6% (8/120) had microcytic hypochromic anemia. Conclusion: Pancytopenia is a frequent hematological issue that arises in clinical settings. Patients who exhibit unexplained anemia, a protracted fever, and a bleeding tendency should be suspected of having pancytopenia based on clinical grounds. The current study comes to the conclusion that comprehensive primary hematological investigations and bone marrow aspiration in cytopenic patients are useful in planning further investigations and managing cytopenic patients as well as in understanding the disease process and diagnosing or ruling out the causes of cytopenia. Severe pancytopenia can serve as a prognostic signal and has a substantial correlation with the clinical outcome.

Introduction: Psychological empowerment is one of the most important empowerment measures for women in society. There is a need to address the key psychological factors that are correlated to one another and are strongly associated with psychological empowerment. Methods: In this cross-sectional study the standardized tools of WHO BREF-QOL for quality of life, Ryff’s Psychological well-being scale, Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale, Cohen’s perceived stress scale, Tobin’s coping strategy inventory, Leykin and DeRubeis Decision making style questionnaire and Big Five inventory for personality traits were used. A sample of 600 women in the age group of 25-45 years was included from the district of Amritsar, Punjab, India. Results: Quality of life, psychological well-being, coping strategy, decision-making style, and personality traits showed moderate to high levels and acted as positive factors affecting psychological empowerment in women.  Results from the factor analysis revealed the major components underlying the psychological empowerment of these women. The results showed the highest factor loadings on personal growth subdivision of psychological well-being, social support, and social withdrawal coping strategies used to overcome stressful situations, environmental quality of life, anxious, avoidant, and spontaneous decision-making styles, and openness personality traits. These correlates thus pave the foundation of psychological empowerment in women of the present study. Conclusion: The psychological empowerment of women is thus affected by the type of environment, their social attitudes, their feeling of continued development, their sense of realizing their potential, their decision-making styles, and their curious and imaginative nature.

Pulpotomy, a name traditionally associated with pediatric dentistry, has recently garnered rekindled interest in endodontics, particularly for fully developed permanent teeth. While historically used primarily for primary and young permanent teeth, pulpotomy is now being extended to mature teeth with symptomatic or asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis. These advancements, driven by cutting-edge technologies, allow for better tooth preservation and improved treatment outcomes. Despite these developments, traditional root canal therapy remains complex and costly, especially in general practice where pulpectomy success rates have been suboptimal. The resurgence of pulpotomy in mature teeth aligns with the broader trend toward minimally invasive and patient-centered dental care. By combining modern diagnostic tools with advanced biomaterials, this well-established technique provides a conservative approach to treating pulp-related issues in mature dentition. Proper case selection, eagle’s eye diagnosis, operator skill, and long-term follow-up are very much crucial for successful pulpotomy procedures in the mature adult teeth.

Introduction: To date, there is no systematic review of the effect of local hypo-, normo- and hyperthermia on the processes of local interaction of antiseptics with dense biological masses covering the surface of chronic wounds. Accelerated and reliable cleansing of the wound surface from purulent masses still remains an unsolved problem of surgery. Methods: 6 inventions were found from beginning to 1986 in databases such as EAPATIS, BYPATENTS, DWPI, DEPATISnet, PATENTSCOPE, Espacenet, RUPTO, USPTO, CIPO, CNIPA, KIPRIS, PatSearch, J-PlatPat, Google Patents and TPO. Due to the small number of inventions, methodological heterogeneity, and differences in the content of their claims, a quantitative meta-analysis could not be performed. Results: The prospects of innovative proposals on the influence of local hypothermia and local hyperthermia on the process of local interaction of antiseptic drug solutions with purulent masses and blood on the surface of chronic wounds have been analyzed. The results of the included studies were presented only qualitatively (descriptively). Conclusion: The first review of inventions presents formulations of invented drugs created by physicochemical repurposing of hydrogen peroxide from antiseptic to pyolytics, mucolytics, hemolytics, expectorants and oxygen-releasing antihypoxants. Warm alkaline hydrogen peroxide solutions (WAHPSs) have been shown to rapidly and reliably dissolve thick purulent masses, blood clots and dried blood spots, turning them into a lush oxygenating foam. Temperature regimes that optimize the sanitizing and washing action of WAHPSs in the treatment of chronic wounds and accelerate hemostasis in parenchymatous bleeding are specified.

Introduction: The role of acceleration time in predicting limb salvage in critical limb ischemia is recently well described in the literature. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is the traditional test for the diagnosis of lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) and assessment of its severity while Duplex ultrasound (DUS) is used to localize the vascular lesion. ABI has a limited role in diabetic patients because of wall calcification, so it gives inaccurate readings. The place of DUS with waveforms (DWs) analysis to estimate distal perfusion remains poorly known even if many consider it a helpful tool to evaluate PAD severity through distal perfusion. Aim: To assess the role of Tibial Arteries Acceleration Time (TAT) measurement in the assessment of distal perfusion and in predicting healing in patients undergoing revascularization of the foot in critical limb ischemia. Methods: Duplex ultrasound was done for 40 consecutive adult patients with critical limb ischemia. All patients underwent a Doppler study with ultrasound. The study includes a color Doppler map and pulse wave Doppler for all lengths of the lower limbs concentrated on CFA, SFA, POPA, ATA, and PTA, the following measurement are recorded included PSV, EDV, and AT for the distal parts of PTA and ATA. The patients were categorized into different groups according to AT; class I AT = 40-120 ms, class II AT= 121- 180 ms, class III AT = 181 – 225, and class 1V AT more than 226 ms. Catheterization was done for those patients. After angioplasty, a second session of Doppler study of the affected limb was done, recording distal arterial PSV, EDV, and AT. Results: In this study, we found a significant correlation between Acceleration Time improvement and the clinical healing of patients. Limb salvage as complete improvement was achieved in 19 of 40 (47.5%), partial improvement was achieved in 8 of 40 (20%), and no improvement was seen in 13 of 40 (32.5%). Complete and partial improvement was seen in class I AT and class II AT and no improvement in class III AT and IV AT. Conclusions: Tibial Acceleration Time demonstrates a high correlation with clinical improvement in patients with critical limb ischemia and can be used as a prognostic predictor for limb salvage after revascularization.

Ultra-magnetic radiation released by the sun is often referred to as solar radiation, also known as the solar resource. Solar energy may be collected and transformed into usable energy sources like heat and electricity. Now a days along with useful rays, corrosive rays are also emitted by the sun. These corrosive rays' causes' skin damage, skin cancer, skin aging, and eye damage and also affects the immune system. To prevent these harmful effects, sunscreens are used. To prepare these sunscreens natural substances are used which are extracted from the medicinal plants. In this present study the Sun Protection Factor [SPF] values of ethyl acetate extract from Hibiscus hirtus L. at different wave lengths [290-310] were investigated by using UV visible spectrophotometer. Ethyl acetate extract of total plant of Hibiscus hirtus L. showed the maximum absorbance at 290nm and maximum Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value at 300nm. Our findings states total plant extract of Hibiscus hirtus L. possess antisolar property.

Background: Coronary artery diseases in diabetic patients are challenging because these patients represent about 25% of surgical coronary revascularization and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures and have worse outcomes than patients without diabetes mellitus (DM) irrespective of the invasive management they receive. Patients and Methods: 53 insulin-dependent diabetic patients (ID) and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients (NID) who underwent PCI with deployment of at least 1 drug-eluting stent (DES) in coronary arteries. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 18 ID patients & 35 NID patients. A comprehensive clinical work-up was planned one month and twelve months following the surgery, with angiographic follow-up scheduled 6-12 months thereafter. Results: Hyperlipidemia was more prevalent in the NID patients, while Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) and multi-vessel disease were found more prevalent in the ID group than NID (p-value < 0.05). One-month follow-up showed no variations in the frequency of in-hospital mortality, Q-wave MI, or vascular sequelae. On the other hand, the rate of Target Lesions Revascularization (TRL), Non-Target Lesions Revascularization (NTLR), Nonfatal MI, and Cardiac death were high in ID patients.  Conclusion: DES deployment, in comparison to coronary restenosis (ISR) following DES deployment, which remained considerably more prevalent in individuals with IDDM than in NIDDM patients, was observed to enhance angiographic and clinical results for IDDM and NIDDM patients. Long-term efficacy in those with IDDM was reduced due to an increased risk of revascularization.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex and multi-factorial condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Netrin-1 may have an important function in metabolic processes. Aim: There are controversial studies about the role of netrin-1 in MetS. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the serum level of netrin-1 and its association with MetS components in our study subjects in this area. Materials and Methods: The National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP, ATP III) criteria were used to include individuals with MetS. Results: Waist circumference, Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), Triglyceride (TG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and netrin-1 were significantly higher in subjects with MetS than those without MetS (Except HDL-C). FBG and TG were significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients with MetS than those without MetS (Except HDL-C). Netrin-1 showed a significant positive correlation with FBG in type 2 diabetic patients without MetS. Conclusion: This study may provide that future research should focus on investigating the potential therapeutic role of netrin-1 in the management and prevention of T2DM, and its potential impact on the diagnosis and management of this condition should not be overlooked.

Objective: This research work aims to contribute to the valorization of plants used in traditional medicine to improve populations health. It was particularly a question of evaluating the therapeutic effectiveness of the aqueous extract of leaves of Petroselinum crispum (Apiaceae), a plant traditionally used for its diuretic effect. Methods: Five groups of four 18h-fasted rats and under water overload using a 0.9% NaCl saline solution were treated separately with the saline solution, Furosemide (Furo 40 mg/kg) and 3 increasing doses of Petroselinum crispum aqueous leaves extract (PcAE 500, 100 and 1500 mg/kg). The quantities of urine collected at 2 h intervals for 24 h determined, electolytes and biochemical markers of the kidney were measured. Results: PcAE led to a dose-dependent increase in urinary excretion. At a dose of 1500 mg/kg, it induced, 24 hours after administration, a statistically significant increase in urinary excretion compared to control rats having received only the saline solution (34.99 ± 8.46 ml/kg). The urinary excretion produced was statistically similar to that of Furo 40 mg/kg. This excretion was gone with an elimination of Na⁺ and K⁺. Also the determination concentration of creatinine and urea in the urine revealed that the plant extract did not disrupt the renal function during treatment. Conclusion: Petroselinum crispum aqueous leaves extract has an diuretic and natriuretic activity similar to that of the furosemide. This activity would be conferred by the presence of alkaloids and flavonoids.

Colorectal cancer is a significant global health problem characterized by the development of metastasis due to fast cell growth, tolerance to low oxygen levels, and the formation of new blood vessels. Notable advancements have been seen in the management of these instances; however, uncertainties persist about drug resistance and its accompanying adverse effects. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenol derived from several plants, has diverse pharmacological characteristics. The anticancer impact of this has piqued the curiosity of several researchers. The objective of our research was to investigate the impact of resveratrol on the proliferation, migration, and expression of angiogenic factors in hypoxic colorectal cancer cells by the use of resveratrol. Hypoxia was chemically induced using cobalt chloride. Serially diluted concentrations of resveratrol (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, and 6.25 \(\mu\)g/ml) were employed to assess the cytotoxic effect through the MTT assay. Smaller concentrations (below IC50) were utilized to investigate the impact of resveratrol on the migration of SW480 cells using the wound healing assay (50 \(\mu\)g/ml). The impact of resveratrol on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The findings shown that resveratrol has the ability to effectively decrease cell proliferation in a dose-dependent way, inhibit cell migration and angiogenesis, via suppression of VEGF and HIF-1\(\alpha\). The significance of this etude lies in the enduring inability to effectively manage metastatic colorectal cancer. Suggesting that resveratrol might function as an adjunctive therapy and a useful supplement for those suffering from very metastatic colorectal cancer. The specific method by which resveratrol works is yet unknown, hence more study is needed to conduct experiments in living organisms and clinical trials.

Objectives: To report on the different approaches taken to improve the bonding of orthodontic brackets to porcelain surfaces and review the literature and test the available alternatives of hydrofluoric acid use. Materials and Methods: The search engine PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct were used for this study to obtain relevant information. The sample comprises 18 Porcelain fused to metal crowns, etchant acids like Hydrofluoric Acid 9.6%; Orthophosphoric Acid 37%; Maleic Acid 10, 20, 30%. Acrylic tooth holder, high-speed hand piece, round bur, bonding agent, composite, brackets, bracket holder, light cure, and Universal Testing Machine were all used to conduct the study at Ajman University Prosthodontic Laboratory. Results: The highest shear bond strength value was observed for sandblasting without any acid etching. Maleic Acid 30% were found to have the highest shear strength amongst all other acids after 1-minute etching, while Maleic Acid 20% showed the highest value after etching for 2-minutes. Orthophosphoric Acid 37% showed the highest shear strength compared to the other acids after 3-minutes etching. Conclusions: Two essential factors to be considered when bonding in orthodontics is the concentration of acid being used and the amount of time subjected to the surface. Sandblasting alone without using any acid etching has the highest value, and it hails to be one of the most effective ways of increasing bond strength. Furthermore, compared with all the acids we have used, Maleic acid of 30% has shown the highest shear strength after 1-minute of etching.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is defined as an endocrine progressive disease, characterized by either absence of insulin or lack of the response to the action of insulin by the peripheral tissue. It needs an intensive monitoring and control for level of glucose in the blood or it would progress to dangerous micro- and macro- complications. Aim: assess the prevalence of diabetic foot ulcers among diabetic patients in Babylon, Iraq and its relationship to patient’s sociodemographic and living properties. The variables encompassed in this study consist of education level, gender, age, area of residence, marital status, monthly family income, body mass index (BMI), day of walk-in, smoking habits, presence of hypertension, family history of foot ulcers, and duration of diabetes. Method: the data has been collected from hospitalized patients or those who come to the hospital to reveal their pathological condition by asking the patient directly or indirectly by asking an accompanying relative several questions using a specific questionnaires form. Results: The Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) was in males more than in females, and nearly half of patients were overweight. There were non-significant differences between hypertensive and non-hypertensive individuals, and family history of diabetic foot ulcer. Meanwhile, there was a substantial difference in the, smoking, and duration of diabetes among study population. Conclusion: Diabetic foot ulcer is a serious complication of diabetic disease and it is more common among diabetic patients who are overweight, smokers, unable to walk, uneducated, poor, urban and those with family history of diabetic foot ulcers so the findings reveal that foot ulcers in diabetic patients become a main health problem, so that better approaches and preventive measures should be done to deal with the epidemic.

Different concentrations of the methylxanthine/purine analogues aminophylline and 61-tartrat, were tested on in vitro-incubated embryonic avian cells from duck line DEC 99, as well as of mammalian embryonic cells from bovine line EBTr and mouse fibroblast line 3T3. In all cases, the C\(C_{50}\)/ml cell suspension, presenting the cytotoxic concentration, in which were observed 50\% death or changes, was determined. On the avian embryonic cells, the determined values of the methylxantine/purine analogues were 2.4x \(10^{-6}\) M/L about the aminophylline and 2.1x \(10^{-6}\) M/L about the 61-tartrat. The assessed C\(C_{50}\)/mL of the same compounds on the mammalian cells were 2.4x \(10^{-5}\) M/L about the aminophylline and 2.1x \(10^{-5}\) M/L about the 61-tartrat, respectively. The embryonic mammalian cells were more resistant to both substances than the embryonic avian cells. On the other hand, the assessed values of both C\(C_{50}\)/ml and maximal non-toxic concentration (MNC - in which no cellular mortality or other changes can be detected) of each one of the two methylxantine/purine analogues were very near about EBTr and 3T3 mammalian cell lines, and the mouse cells, which are proved as widely used experimental in vitro-model, showed some advantages in both cases. In this way, the current data suggest a possibility about application of methylxantine/purine derivatives about genetic and/or epigenetic reparations, on DNA- and mRNA-levels of low differentiated mammalian cells.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a well-known co-occurring illness that has been around for 21 centuries. Diabetes mellitus and depression symptoms can both have an impact on a person's capacity to complete daily tasks. Objectives: To evaluate correlations of depressive indications with deprived glycemic control in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Karbala city Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional research aiming to examine depression symptoms in 200 persons suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Before the interview, each participant gave verbal informed permission. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was rummage-sale to amount the individual's symptoms of depression. All names were left blank on the surveys. By employing Spearman's rho correlation, depression was found to be connected with tests of liver and kidney function.  Results:  200 diabetic patients aged 30-65 showed no significant differences in variables such age, monthly income, duration, social status, medications, and concomitant disease. Significant differences exist between education levels and family history. Mild positive statistically significant association between depression and HbA1c in diabetics versus healthy people. However, FSG, FSI, and HOMA-IR are not significantly different between healthy and diabetic persons (p>0.05). Conclusions:  Poor glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes is associated with depression, indicating that early identification is critical for maintaining glycemic control and averting future difficulties. To fully comprehend the effects of depression therapy, more study is required.

Background: When harmonizing the criminal legislation of Ukraine and the EU and implementing it into the criminal legislation of Ukraine, international legal guidelines (standards) must be taken into account. Aim & Objectives: To investigate international legal standards of harmonization of the criminal legislation of Ukraine and the EU and its implementation to ensure the protection of the pharmaceutical activity. Methodology: Materials: Legislation of Ukraine, European Union, Directives, developed by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, recommendations represented by international voluntary group and scientific works. Methods: This article is based on dialectical, comparative, hermeneutic, analytical, synthetic and comprehensive research methods. Results: The construction of a "national model" of criminal-legal protection of pharmaceutical activity should take into account the main international legal standards and be carried out according to the rule: criminal-legal norms should ensure the protection of all types of social values, the violation of which can cause at least minimal damage to public health and the principles of its protection within and outside the circulation of medicinal products. But not selectivity. From the meaning of the Ukrainian "model", some fragments of the circulation of medicinal products fall out (creation, pharmaceutical development, research (testing), advertising and promotion of medicinal products; veterinary medicinal products do not find their criminal legal protection at all, as there are not medicinal products), as well as the existence of criminal law protection of state regulation of pharmaceutical activity is fragmentary. Conclusions: The procedure of harmonization of national criminal legislation with international standards should include norms according to which the prescription of medicinal products is carried out objectively, without the influence of direct and indirect financial incentives; free samples of medicines are provided subject to public restrictions and only for familiarization with new medicines, gaining experience in their use; free access to independent and objective sources of information about medicinal products presented on the market is ensured etc.