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Research Article | Volume 23 Issue: 3 (July-Sep, 2024) | Pages 1 - 5
A Morphological and Morphometric Study of Foramen Spinosum in North Indian Adult Skulls
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1
Senior Resident, Department of Anatomy, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar (India).
2
Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar (India).
Under a Creative Commons license
Open Access
Received
May 30, 2024
Revised
June 15, 2024
Accepted
July 1, 2024
Published
July 8, 2024
Abstract

Background: The foramen spinosum is a significant opening found in the base of the skull on the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. The foramen spinosum allows the middle meningeal artery, parietal trunk of the middle meningeal artery, and posterior trunk of the middle meningeal vein to pass through into the middle cranial fossa. This study aimed to determine the morphological features, examine the specific structural characteristics, and measure the dimensions of the Foramen Spinosum in the base of preserved human skulls that belonged to the North Indian population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on fifty dry adult skulls of unidentified gender that belonged to the North Indian population. We observed the shape of the foramen spinosum and the diameters of it. Measurements were done with the help of a digital vernier caliper. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 24.0) software. Results: The study investigated the morphological characteristics of the foramen spinosum, focusing on both shape and diameter measurements, in a sample of 100 cases. Regarding shape, the most common configuration was round, observed in 26% of cases on the right side and 23% on the left side, making up 49% of the total cases. Oval-shaped foramina were noted in 15% on the right side and 17% on the left side, accounting for 32% overall. Pinhole shapes were found in 5% of the right side and 6% of the left side, summing up to 11% of the cases. Irregular shapes were present in 4% of cases on both sides, making up 8% of the total sample. A Chi-Square analysis indicated no significant difference in the distribution of foramen spinosum shapes between the right and left sides (X² = 0.399, p = 0.94). In terms of diameters, the study found that the mean anteroposterior diameter (length) was 3.91±1.54 mm on the right side and 3.30±1.39 mm on the left side, with a statistically significant difference between the two sides (p = 0.042). The mean transverse diameter (width) was 3.18±1.20 mm on the right side and 2.91±1.41 mm on the left side, with no significant difference observed between the sides (p = 0.312). Conclusion: These variations are clinically significant, particularly in cases of skull base fractures and in diagnosing aneurysms or vascular lesions within the cranial cavity. Understanding these differences is valuable for neurosurgeons, helping them to identify and protect neurovascular structures when operating in the middle cranial fossa.

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