Background: In our daily work, pancytopenia—the simultaneous presence of leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia—is a prevalent clinical condition. Adult pancytopenia is described as having a hemoglobin level of less than 13.5 g/dl in men and 11.5 g/dl in women, a leucocyte count of less than 4 x 109 /l, and a platelet count of less than 150 x 109 /l.1. Anemia or thrombocytopenia are typically the cause of the presenting symptoms. Materials and Methods:. A prospective cross-sectional research on 120 instances of pancytopenia was conducted at the general medicine department at Mamata Academy of Medical Sciences, Bachupally, over the course of two years, from May 2022 to May 2023. Results: Malaria accounted for 22.5% (27/120) of pancytopenia cases, with vitamin B12 deficient anemia accounting for 49.1% (59/1200). 10.8% (13/120) of cases were Dengue. Aplastic anemia (6.6%), multiple myeloma, AML (2.5%), and anemia from chronic illness were less prevalent causes. 3.3% for MDS and 0.8% for myelofibrosis. CLD with hepatitis B, aleukemic leukemia (0.8%), and splenomegaly (15%). 5.8% (or 7/120) of the patients had normocytic hypochromic anemia, 18.3% (or 22/120) had microcytic hypochromic anemia, 69.1% (or 83/120) had macrocytic anemia, and 6.6% (8/120) had microcytic hypochromic anemia. Conclusion: Pancytopenia is a frequent hematological issue that arises in clinical settings. Patients who exhibit unexplained anemia, a protracted fever, and a bleeding tendency should be suspected of having pancytopenia based on clinical grounds. The current study comes to the conclusion that comprehensive primary hematological investigations and bone marrow aspiration in cytopenic patients are useful in planning further investigations and managing cytopenic patients as well as in understanding the disease process and diagnosing or ruling out the causes of cytopenia. Severe pancytopenia can serve as a prognostic signal and has a substantial correlation with the clinical outcome.